"Because we are the same person," the famous line, turned the whole plot of the 1999 blockbuster hit "Fight Club" impressed many people including myself. For some reason, the idea of two completely different identities surprised me today. Dissociative identity disorder is a serious disease in which two or more different identities or personality states are present in - and alternately take control of - an individual "(Stephens, 2005).
Although in the case of"Fight Club shows," the narrator's failure was a severe case, in which were his two identities, each with its own life, the kind of dissociative identity disorder (DID), in many cases only a few distinct characteristics, because the identities are completely independent. That is the reason the name of the disease has changed from "multiple personality disorder" to DID (Barlow & Durand, 2005).
Well, before we realize the fun and legal issues in waking DID, let's looksome statistics and the causes of this disease. Although Hollywood films of the malfunctioning of the subject on two different personalities, have reported the actual number of physicians, is closer to 15 are with a female to male ratio of 9:1, this results in the cumulative case study (Barlow & Durand, 2005). Be a large proportion of patients with DID is diagnosed with other mental disorders are diagnosed in order to make this clearer, a sample of over 100 patients have found to be aan average of seven more disturbances at the beginning of the DID (Barlow & Durand, 2005).
The cause of DID seems to be universal, in 97% of the cases were previously experienced significant trauma. The patient was extremely and terribly as a child, usually sexually or physically abused, with 68% reporting incest (Barlow & Durand, 2005). By experiencing such a trauma, there is a "broad range of agreement that DID is rooted in a natural tendency to escape or" distance "from the constant negativeImpacts associated with severe abuse "(Barlow & Durand, 2005).
Steering of physical and sexual abuse in connection with DID, the disorder is in itself very interesting and confusing. Hollywood movies only its mandatory nature of over dramatization of identities, the creation of a "what if" phenomenon in all its viewers, "what do I have if a different identity." In my experience, everyone wants someone better, everyone has faults, they want to magically disappear, this notion ofDID, after an intelligent, smoother and better overall identity is what drives people so with this disorder are inspiring. We live our lives day by day, as our keen awareness building our model of the world. Although many of us will never experience the real clinical DID believes Robert Ornstein: "We all experience Mind Split."
He is a very real example of how many of us feel "out of it", and suddenly snaps back into reality, with absolutely no recollection of the time(Ornstein, 1991). "Read a sentence, we are aware of the importance, but we are not aware, as a rule, the spelling of words, so the difficulty of proofreading (have you noticed that before, deliberately wrong in this sentence written?). And we are not conscious grammar unless it is false "(Ornstein, 1991). For example, with Ornstein is something we can create a simulation of what can feel like a person with DID. A major factor in the DID is memory loss or amnesia prior to the"switch", as we are aware of the meaning of a sentence, but especially the spelling of a patient with DID, or "multiple identities", even though the other is perhaps known but not the specific situation (Ornstein, 1991 ) thus leads to a memory lapse.
Eric Eich, et al. Has a study in 1997 to nine patients with DID. What they have sought to see the importance of interpersonal amnesia among the patients, whether the recollection of certain events by an experiencedIdentity that could later be recalled by the same identity it, but does not change that. The results further strengthened the reasons for memory loss in patients with DID, as patients from the study after a test of free recall, very bad, which was unveiled just a word of 180 patients on a "P1" identity recalled correctly by their "p2" identity. In addition, remember, none of the 180 words when they begin to 'have been given p2 "and asked to be called back by the" P1 ". (Eich et al.1997). Although the study did not all ways to measure the interpersonal amnesia are employed, their results are fairly consistent with other research findings on the issue, although an interesting finding of the study was that the "leak" of information from an identity that occurs others "depends on the extent to which encoding and retrieval processes susceptible to the personality factors" (Eich et al., 1997).
"Our normal waking consciousness is building a UsModel of the world, based on the meaning and authority information, expectations, hopes and crazy imagination and other cognitive processes. If any of these factors is fundamentally changed, can cause an altered state of consciousness "(Ornstein, 1991). If we in this offer and are looking to break their meaning, then it is clear why so many victims of severe physical or sexual abuse can distance" and change shape identity. If her "real" world is badly damaged, then they must "change form"cope with their shattered world, essentially creating a stronger sense of the situation, with the traumatic events of the past which could not cope.
DID at times, takes the attention away from the subject, victim, is a good example, when making DID patients to criminal activities. When he later presented in court, the issue has no memory of his crimes (Noonan 2000). Now the question is the focal point, whether the subject (for his actions, especially in the responsibleCase of homicide), or if he committed to a mental institution for reasons of insanity (Noonan, 2000) can be released. Assuming that the issue has not falsify DID, judicial approaches to determining responsibility can be very difficult, the court must first decide whether the issue actually the diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder to meet the DSM-IV. After determining if DID is present, then an assessment of the host personality issues would be taken (most oflikely) by a professional ie forensic psychiatrist to determine whether it was the host of measures to change personalities, and having regard to whether support of the host in the criminal activity (Noonan, 2000).
Many times in these cases, a defendant in court, get in court for serious charges (eg murder) DID fake on a plea of insanity. In this sense, it has many ways to determine whether the defendant simulation, a method is often used to play with each changeMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (again) is usually done by a professional administration. The MMPI is a particular challenge because it is not a really accurate job of measuring those personality, so that when the object actually DID have the MMPI tests than by the altered identity should vary considerably. (Noonan, 2000). To identify other ways, whether simulates an DID is often through structured interviews with psychologists. In one case, a psychologist had every reason to believe to be about(a serial rapist and murderer), the criteria for DID, until he has one last test, the subject claimed to have two identities, but if the psychologist noted that the usual arguments for DID three identities, the subject is quickly created third, unexpected. On this basis, the subject was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Finally, if you changed through the fun times, identities and try to escape death, it is time to put an end to this train of DID. Treatment of DIDHowever, it is very complex in nature, especially as you try, just down from potentially hundreds of different identities. The best treatment for DID is definitely long-term psychotherapy if the therapist to gather as much information about the past issues and use mapping techniques in order to bring together all identity (1999 gap). Thus, the motif search history will be especially important because the therapist must caution you not to jump right into the healing of past trauma, without priorBackground (Gap 1999).
In the treatment the therapist wants to maintain itself on the threshold towards a resolution to merge the integration of the changes, above all, she is working out differences. Once the integration is taking steps, it is downhill, the therapist must now focus on coping strategies for the patient according to his newly found solution with its identity. These skills will meet with the relationships and life choices. Once the themeget a feel for these coping strategies, the therapist will aim to build on these skills to making sure that the subject has mastered it and is able to use them as if they were automatic. Routine follow-ups are necessary to ensure that obviously use the theme remains the skills learned and not relapse into the old identities (Gap 1999). Although this is a very effective method for the treatment of DID, it is important to know whether each case is different and this method does not work at allwith the disorder.
"DID reflects a violation of various aspects of identity, memory and consciousness in a multidimensional self integrating" (Stephens 2005). To many of us can not DID, we never know exactly how that feels, but if we want to get too close, we should hear Robert Ornstein, and just proofread a paper.
References
Barlow DH, Durand VM (2005). Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, fourth edition. Dissociative and somatoform disorders (pp.191-198).
Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth
Eich E, Macaulay D, Loewenstem RJ, Dihle PH (1997). Memory, Amnesia, and Dissociative Identity Disorder. Psychological Science 8 (6), 17-422 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00454.x
Divide, RP. (1999). An overview of the psychotherapy of dissociative identity disorder. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 53 (3), 289-319.
Noonan, JR (2000). Dissociative Identity Disorder and Criminal Intent: An approach to determining jurisdiction. In REGeiselmann (Ads.) Intersections 3: Psychology / Psychiatry / Law (p. 169-185). Balboa Iceland: ASCP Press
Ornstein, R (1991). Evolution of Consciousness: The Origins of the Way We Think.
New York: Touchstone
Stephens, L (2005). Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
From 30 May 2008, from http://psychologytoday.com/conditions/did.html
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